The physics of turbulent and dynamically unstable Herbig–Haro jets

The overall properties of the Herbig–Haro objects such as centerline velocity, transversal profile of velocity, flow of mass, and flow of energy are explained adopting two models for the turbulent jet. The complex shapes of the Herbig–Haro objects, such as the arc in HH34, can be explained by introducing the combination of different kinematic effects such as velocity behavior along the main direction of the jet and the velocity of the star in the interstellar medium. The behavior of the intensity or brightness of the line of emission is explored in three different cases: transversal one-dimensional (1D) cut, longitudinal 1D cut, and 2D map. An analytical explanation for the enhancement in intensity or brightness such as usually modeled by the bow shock is given by a careful analysis of the geometrical properties of the torus.